“They are littered with the ruins of dead empires – past powers – only that Albanian “continues forever”
EDITH DURHAM
ABOUT ALBANIA
Albania is a country located in balkans. Albanian territories were inhabited since 10,000 years ago. Over the centuries the Albanian culture has been influenced mostly by the Romans and Turks . The first inhabitants of the present day Albania were Pelasgians and later Illyrian tribes. Albania is located in a very strategic position, Albania lies along Adriatic sea and Ionian sea. Another important factor to know about Albania is the Albanian language, divided in two main dialects geg in north and tosk in south makes it different from other languages. Albanian language is very ancient and it is also spoken widely in border countries like Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Greece and in south Italy in the region of Calabria and Sicilia by Albanian historic community in Italy known as Arberesh. A combination of ancient history, picturesque places and sites, tradition, hospitality and fast economic growing and continuous development are making Albania very attractive for many tourist that are coming from all over the world, mostly from Europe. Below we will recommend you to visit some of the most beautiful cities and places along Albania and its landscape. Be Ready!
1. TIRANA
- The Skanderbeg Square is the main plaza in the center of Tirana. The square is named after the Albanian national hero GJEGJ KASTRIOTI SKENDERBEU. The total area is about 40,000 square meters. The Skanderbeg Statue dominates the square.
- The Bunkart is near the Ministry of Interior in Tirana occupies an area of 1,000 square meters and consists of 40 rooms, which present the history from 1912 to 1991 through facts taken from the State Archives and the Ministry of Interior. From room to room, the history unfolds from the creation of the first Gendarmerie, the Zogist Royal Gendarmerie, the People’s Police, to continue with the camps with barbed wire, to prisons, internments and deportations. A separate room is also dedicated to the way in which foreigners who were in our country were monitored during the dictatorship.
- The Pyramid of Tirana is a structure and former museum located in Tirana, the capital of Albania. It opened as a museum in 1988 and became a conference center in 1991 following the collapse of Communism. During the 1999 Kosovo War, the building was used as a NATO base. In 2018, a new project was unveiled that would turn the pyramid into a youth IT center for Creative Technologies with a focus on computer programming, robotics, and start ups under the name of TUMO Center Tirana. The renovated and transformed structure was opened to the public in May 2023.
CASTLE of Tirana. Its history dates back before 1300 and is a remnant from the Byzantine-era. The fortress is the place where the main east–west and north–south roads crossed, and formed the heart of Tirana. The current fortification has three known towers and in last years it was opened for touristic and commercial purposes. The Castle of Tirana was declared a monument of culture of first category on 10 June 1973 and the new tracks of walls of Tirana Castle were declared a cultural monument on 15 May 2008.
- The Clock Tower of Tirana was built in 1822 in Tirana, Albania by Et’hem bey Mollaj, a Bejtexhinj poet who also build the Et’hem Bey Mosque next to the clock tower. Watchmaster Ismail Tufina was the first to assemble the Tirana clock mechanism in 1822. It is a monument of culture of first category, approved on 24 May 1948.
The stairs have 90 steps that go in a spiral fashion. It is 35 metres tall and was the tallest building in the city at the time. Since the restoration of 2016, many visitors have visited the tower. The installation of the clock was done by the renowned Tufina watchmakers.The Tufina’s took care of the clock from 1822 until 1973 when forcefully removed by the communist regime.
2. DURRES
- The VENETIAN TOWER was built by the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I a native of Durrës (ancient Dyrrhachium), who was born into an Illyro-Roman family. At the time, Anastasius made the city one of the most fortified cities on the Adriatic.During this time a second, smaller castle was built 7km north of Durrës, modern day “Porto Romano” (The Roman’s Gate). The ancient walls were devastated in an earthquake in 1273, and had to be extensively repaired. After the Venetians seized Durrës in 1392 from Gjergj Thopia, they set to improve the castles already impressive fortifications, reinforcing it with several guard towers. The walls are quoted as early as the 11th century by Byzantine princess and historian Anna Komnene in her Alexiad as having been so thick, that “four horsemen could ride abreast on top of them”. The castle remained under Venetian sovereignty until 1501, when Durrës fell to the Ottoman Empire, which would end up holding the city until 1912. During Ottoman Rule, the walls were again reinforced. Currently the medieval walls stand at nearly 15 feet (4.6 meters) in height and the three entrances of some of the fortification towers are preserved in nearly one-third of the original length of the city walls.
- The DURRES AMPHITHEATRE was built in the beginning of the 2nd century AD, and was used for performances until the 4th century AD. The earthquake of 345/346 likely damaged the monument and closed the ‘ludii gladiatorii’. An early Christian chapel was constructed on the amphitheatre in the second half of the 4th century. The chapel was initially decorated with frescoes; in the 6th century, mosaics were added. A medieval chapel was built in the 13th century, also decorated with frescoes. The amphitheatre was covered over in the 16th century, after the Ottoman occupation, when a wall was built nearby. Marin Barleti described the monument as ‘well constructed’.
- The VOLLGA PROMENADE t’s one of the city’s most popular spots, a great place for both locals and tourists to enjoy the sea breeze, beautiful views, and some leisure time.The Vollga Promenade is a wide, tree-lined boulevard that stretches along the coast, offering a nice walk with views of the Adriatic Sea. It’s often referred to as the “heart” of Durrës, especially for its role in local life and its proximity to the waterfront.The promenade runs along the coast, so you can get a great view of the sea, especially at sunset. It’s a peaceful spot to just relax, enjoy the surroundings, or take a walk, and on clear days, you might even catch glimpses of the nearby coastal towns. Historically, the promenade has been a key feature of Durrës, especially during the 19th and 20th centuries. While the area has undergone modern development, it still maintains its historical charm. It used to be a place where prominent figures would walk, and you’ll find plenty of older buildings nearby that reflect the city’s Ottoman and early 20th-century architectural styles.
3. VLORE
- The Independence Monument in Vlorë, Albania, is a significant historical and cultural landmark that commemorates Albania’s declaration of independence from the Ottoman Empire. The monument was erected to mark the pivotal moment in Albanian history, which occurred on November 28, 1912, when the country declared its independence. The monument is located in the city of Vlorë, on the shores of the Ionian Sea. Vlorë is an important city in Albania’s history, as it was the site where the Assembly of Vlora, led by Ismail Qemali, declared Albania’s independence. The Independence Monument was unveiled in 1972. The monument consists of a large bronze sculpture. Ismail Qemali was one of the key figures in the struggle for Albania’s sovereignty. The monument is situated in the Independence Square (Sheshi i Pavarësisë), making it a central feature in the city. The monument features a tall, column-like structure with statues and reliefs that represent the struggles and aspirations of the Albanian people during their journey toward independence. The sculptures and engravings depict various moments of the national struggle, including the first steps toward self-rule and the challenges faced by the Albanians under Ottoman domination. The Independence Declaration in 1912 was a momentous event, as it marked the birth of the modern Albanian state. The declaration came after centuries of Ottoman rule, which had significantly impacted Albania’s political and cultural landscape. The day of the declaration, November 28, is celebrated annually as Independence Day in Albania.
- In the heart of the Narta lagoon is the Monastery of St. Mary on the island of Zvërnec, a Cultural Monument of the first category. This monastery of the 14th century, surrounded by crystal clear waters, carries a deep history and is an important destination for pilgrims and visitors seeking peace and connection with nature and faith. An ideal place for reflection and to enjoy the natural beauty of Albania. Every year on 15th August, this monastery records a higher number of visitors than usual, dedicated to the feast of St. Mary. The monastery can be reached via a wooden pedestrian bridge. The monastery is a typical Byzantine construction built in the 10th century AD.
- The Old Town of Vlora, located in southern Albania, is a charming and historically significant area. Vlora is a coastal city situated at the meeting point of the Adriatic and Ionian seas, and it has been an important port and trading hub for centuries. The old town is known for its blend of cultural influences, including Ottoman, Italian, and Greek, due to its long history and strategic location. Vlora played a key role in Albania’s history, especially in the declaration of independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912. The Albanian flag was raised here on November 28, 1912, marking Albania’s independence. The city’s old town is filled with historical monuments, buildings, and landmarks that reflect its past. The old town is home to a number of Ottoman-era buildings, such as mosques, inns (han), and old houses with traditional stone walls and wooden shutters. These structures showcase the influence of the Ottoman Empire in the region. The narrow, winding streets and alleyways of the old town are lined with small shops and cafes, where visitors can experience local crafts, food, and the vibrant atmosphere of Vlora. Due to its location and history, the old town of Vlora reflects a blend of cultures, from ancient Illyrian roots to the influence of the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans. This fusion can be seen in the city’s architecture, cuisine, and overall cultural identity. Visiting the old town of Vlora offers a glimpse into Albania’s rich history and offers a unique atmosphere with its blend of historical sites, seaside beauty, and cultural vibrancy.
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Sazan Island is an intriguing and historically rich destination located in the Ionian Sea, just off the coast of Vlora, Albania. It is the largest island in Albania and is known for its unique combination of natural beauty, military history, and relatively untouched landscapes. Here are some details about Sazan Island. Sazan Island is situated approximately 5 kilometers off the coast of Vlora, in the Bay of Vlora. It covers an area of about 5.7 square kilometers. The island is characterized by rugged terrain, with rocky hills and cliffs, and is surrounded by clear turquoise waters. The natural beauty of the island, combined with its coastal location, makes it an attractive destination for nature lovers, especially for those interested in hiking and exploring less commercialized places. Sazan Island has been of significant military importance throughout history due to its location at the entrance of the Bay of Vlora and its proximity to the Strait of Otranto, which connects the Adriatic Sea with the Ionian Sea. The island was militarized during the communist regime of Enver Hoxha (1946-1985) as part of Albania’s strategic defenses during the Cold War. It housed a large military base with bunkers, fortifications, and radar stations. These structures, many of which remain today, reflect the military history of the island. After the fall of communism in Albania in the early 1990s, the military presence was withdrawn, and the island was abandoned. Some of the old military buildings are still visible today, making Sazan Island a fascinating site for those interested in Cold War history and military structures. Sazan Island is home to a variety of plant and animal species, some of which are unique to the area. The island’s natural environment, with its mix of coastal, Mediterranean, and mountain ecosystems, supports a diverse range of wildlife. It is not unusual to see goats, rabbits, and a variety of birds, including migratory species. The surrounding waters of Sazan are known for their rich marine life, making it a popular spot for diving and snorkeling, although the area is generally not as developed for tourism as other Albanian coastal locations. Sazan Island is not as easily accessible as other nearby tourist destinations. It requires boat transportation from Vlora, and although it is not a major tourist hub, there are some guided tours available that explore the island’s natural beauty and military ruins. While the island has seen some tourism in recent years, it remains relatively undeveloped, making it ideal for those seeking adventure and exploring a more remote, unspoiled location. There are no hotels or significant infrastructure on the island, so day trips are more common. As of recent years, parts of Sazan Island have been designated as a natural and historical protected area, in order to preserve its unique environment and heritage.
There are remnants of military bunkers, fortifications, and underground tunnels that were constructed during the Cold War. These structures make for interesting exploration for history enthusiasts. A lighthouse located on the island offers a fantastic view of the surrounding waters and coastlines. There have been discussions about developing the island into a tourist destination, potentially enhancing its infrastructure while preserving its historical and natural features. However, plans for large-scale development have been slow, meaning the island has retained much of its untouched character. Sazan Island is a place of natural beauty, historical significance, and a rare combination of military heritage and untouched landscapes. While it is not a major tourist destination, its quiet, remote atmosphere offers a unique experience for visitors who are interested in Albania’s military history, ecology, and coastal beauty. It’s an ideal spot for adventure seekers, history buffs, and nature enthusiasts who want to explore a part of Albania that remains unchanged in centuries - Kanina Castle is a historical site located near the town of Vlora, in southern Albania. It is an ancient fortress perched on a hilltop, offering stunning views of the surrounding landscapes, including the Adriatic Sea. The castle is known for its rich history, which dates back to the Byzantine period and possibly even earlier. The castle’s origins are not entirely clear, but it is believed to have been built during the Byzantine era, around the 3rd or 4th century AD. It was later expanded and fortified during the medieval period. The castle was an important strategic location, providing a defense point for the region against various invaders over the centuries. The castle features impressive remnants of walls, towers, and gates. While much of the original structure has been eroded over time, some sections are still visible, such as parts of the defensive walls and the main entrance. There are also traces of Byzantine and Ottoman influences in its construction. Kanina Castle sits atop a hill, providing excellent views of Vlora and the nearby coastline. This location was chosen for its defensive advantages, as it allowed the castle’s inhabitants to observe and control the surrounding area. Throughout its history, Kanina Castle has seen various rulers, including the Byzantines, Normans, and Ottomans. It was also a significant stronghold for the Albanian national hero, Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu (Skanderbeg), during his resistance against the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. Today, Kanina Castle is a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can explore the ruins, learn about the castle’s history, and enjoy the panoramic views. Although it is less developed as a tourist site compared to other Albanian castles, it offers a quiet and historic place to visit. The castle is located near the village of Kanina, which is known for its traditional Albanian architecture and rural atmosphere. The area around the castle is also rich in natural beauty, with olive groves and rolling hills. Kanina Castle is a fascinating site for history enthusiasts, offering a glimpse into Albania’s medieval past and the strategic importance of its fortifications. It is also a great destination for those looking to explore the less commercialized, rural parts of Albania.
4. SHKODER
- Rozafa Castle is a historic fortress located in the town of Shkodra, in northern Albania. It stands on a hill near the confluence of the Buna and Drin rivers and has a rich history dating back to ancient times. Down below are some key details about the castle.The site has been inhabited since Illyrian times, and the castle’s origins are believed to date back to the 4th century BC. It was later expanded during the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman periods.The name Rozafa is linked to an Illyrian princess in local legend, who was sacrificed by being walled into the castle’s foundations as part of its construction. This story gives the castle a mysterious and romantic air. Over the centuries, the castle served as a defensive stronghold, controlling the region and overseeing vital trade routes.The castle remained in use throughout the Ottoman era, and its strategic location continued to make it a key military site.
The castle is built on a rocky hill and is divided into three main sections: the upper, middle, and lower fortifications.The walls of the castle are built with large stones and have an irregular shape to fit the natural terrain. Within the castle, there are several notable features, including a well, a church (St. Stephen’s Church), and several defensive structures.The castle’s design reflects a combination of different architectural styles from various periods, including Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman elements.One of the most famous aspects of the castle is the legend of Princess Rozafa. According to the myth, as the castle was being constructed, the workers were unable to complete the building, as every night the walls would collapse. An oracle revealed that the castle could only be completed if a human sacrifice was walled into the foundation. Rozafa, the wife of one of the workers, volunteered to be sacrificed. Her body was sealed into the walls, and as the story goes, she asked for a small window to be left open so she could feed her infant child. The legend has become a symbol of sacrifice and perseverance.Today, Rozafa Castle is a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors for its stunning views, historical significance, and legendary tale. The castle is well-preserved, and visitors can explore its various parts, including the watchtower and the ruins of the church, as well as enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding area, including Shkodra Lake and the Albanian Alps.
Rozafa Castle remains a symbol of Shkodra’s rich cultural and historical heritage, with its blend of myth, architecture, and strategic importance. - The Marubi National Museum of Photography is located in the city of Shkodra, Albania. It is dedicated to the work of the Marubi family, one of the most prominent photographic families in Albania, and serves as a significant institution preserving the history of photography in the country. The museum offers a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of photography and the history of Albania, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Marubi family is credited with introducing photography to Albania in the late 19th century. Pjetër Marubi, an Italian photographer, is believed to have arrived in Shkodra in 1856 and began documenting the local people, culture, and significant events.
The Marubi family became famous for their portraits and photographic documentation of life in Albania during the Ottoman Empire and the early years of the 20th century. Over generations, the family’s photography studio became one of the most important in the region.
The museum houses an extensive collection of photographs taken by the Marubi family from the 19th century onward, offering a visual history of the people, landscapes, and culture of Albania.
The museum boasts thousands of photographs, including portraits, landscapes, and historical events. These images provide a unique window into the history of Albania during a period of significant change, including the transition from Ottoman rule to the establishment of the modern Albanian state.
The collection also covers the early years of photography, showing how the medium developed and evolved in Albania. The photographs are notable not only for their artistic quality but also for their historical and cultural value. Pjetër Marubi, who founded the family business, is known for his portraits of the people of Shkodra and other regions, capturing the faces of various ethnic groups, locals, and prominent figures of the time. His works are especially important for understanding the cultural and social dynamics of the period. The museum also traces the technological advances in photography, from the early daguerreotypes to more modern techniques. It showcases the evolution of photographic equipment, processes, and styles over the years. The photographs at the Marubi Museum are not only artistic works but also valuable records of Albanian culture, religion, and traditions. They document major events, such as the independence of Albania in 1912, the changes brought by the two World Wars, and the developments during the communist period. In addition to its permanent collection, the Marubi Museum hosts temporary exhibitions, educational programs, and cultural events, making it a dynamic cultural hub in Shkodra. The Marubi Museum is housed in a historic building in the heart of Shkodra, with a well-designed layout that enhances the experience of viewing the photographs. The museum’s design combines modern architectural elements with the historical character of Shkodra.
The museum itself is a testament to Albania’s rich cultural heritage and serves as a major cultural institution in the country. - The Mesi Bridge is a historic stone bridge located in the Shkodra region of northern Albania, near the village of Mesi. It is one of the most well-preserved examples of traditional Ottoman-era architecture in the country. The bridge spans the Kir River, which flows through the area, and has both historical and cultural significance. The Mesi Bridge was built during the Ottoman period, likely in the 18th century, though some sources suggest it might date back to earlier, possibly the late 17th century. The bridge was constructed to connect the northern region of Albania with the rest of the country, facilitating trade and travel across the Kir River. The bridge is a stone arch bridge, and it spans about 38 meters (125 feet) in length. It has three main arches, with the central arch being the largest and most impressive.
The structure is made of stone, which has helped it withstand the passage of time and remain in good condition. The Mesi Bridge has a pedestrian pathway and a low railing along the sides, which allows people to walk across and enjoy the surrounding views. The bridge played an important role in the region’s infrastructure, enabling easier movement for local populations, traders, and travelers. Over time, the Mesi Bridge became a symbol of the local community’s connection to the rest of Albania, as well as a representation of Ottoman engineering and architectural influence in the region.
The area surrounding the bridge is known for its natural beauty, with lush greenery and scenic views of the Buna River, making it a popular destination for visitors and photographers. In recent years, efforts have been made to preserve the bridge and its surroundings. The bridge has undergone restoration to maintain its structural integrity and ensure that it remains an important cultural heritage site. Today, the bridge is well-maintained and serves as a popular spot for both locals and tourists, offering a glimpse into Albania’s architectural history.
The Mesi Bridge is located just a short distance from the town of Shkodra, making it easily accessible for visitors exploring the region.
Visitors can walk across the bridge, enjoy the beautiful natural setting, and take photos of the surrounding landscape. The area around the bridge is also ideal for picnics and leisurely walks.
The bridge is part of a broader area of interest for those exploring the cultural heritage and natural beauty of Shkodra and its surroundings. - The Blue Eye in Theth is a stunning natural phenomenon in Albania. It’s a crystal-clear spring, known as Syri i Kaltër, located in the northern part of the country, near the town of Theth in the Albanian Alps. The name Syri i Kaltër translates to “Blue Eye,” and it is named for its vibrant, intense blue color that resembles a human eye, which can be seen when observing the spring from above. The Blue Eye is a karst spring, and its waters are sourced from the melting snow and rainwater from the surrounding mountains. The water is incredibly clear, and the vivid blue hue is due to the high mineral content, as well as the natural filtering process of the surrounding rocks. The spring is a popular spot for visitors who hike through the Albanian Alps to experience its beauty, although it is difficult to access due to the rugged terrain. The Blue Eye is part of a larger natural park area, which includes Theth National Park, known for its scenic landscapes, waterfalls, and traditional mountain villages. It’s a place of incredible natural beauty and a must-visit for nature lovers and hikers in Albania.
OTHER SPOTS
- The Castle of Kruja is a historic fortress located in the town of Kruja, Albania, and is one of the most significant cultural and historical landmarks in the country. The castle has a rich history, dating back to the 5th century, and it is closely associated with Albania’s national hero, Gjergj Kastrioti, better known as Skanderbeg. The castle is perched on a rocky hilltop, offering a commanding view of the surrounding plains. Its location made it a natural stronghold, which played a vital role in defending the region from invaders over the centuries. Kruja Castle is most famous for its association with Skanderbeg, who successfully defended Albania against the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. Skanderbeg made the castle his primary base during his revolt against the Ottomans. The castle was instrumental in his resistance, particularly in the years leading up to his death. Inside the castle complex, you can find the Skanderbeg Museum, which showcases exhibits related to the life of Skanderbeg, his military campaigns, and his importance in Albanian history. The museum provides insights into Albania’s fight for independence and its cultural heritage. The castle itself is a complex of walls, towers, and gates that date back to different periods, with many of the fortifications from the Middle Ages still intact. The castle also features a barracks, defensive walls, and a citadel. Some of the buildings within the fortress have been restored, while others still show their age, adding to the historical charm. Close to the castle, visitors can explore the Ethnological Museum of Kruja, which offers a deeper look into the traditional life, culture, and craftsmanship of the region. Today, Kruja Castle is a major tourist attraction, offering stunning panoramic views of the surrounding area. Its historical significance, coupled with its beauty, makes it a must-visit site for those interested in Albanian history and culture. The Castle of Kruja stands as a symbol of Albania’s resistance against foreign rule and serves as a reminder of its medieval past. It continues to be a focal point of national pride, with visitors from all over the world coming to experience its historical charm and learn about Albania’s cultural heritage.